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Trac Macros
Contents
Trac macros extend the Trac engine with custom functionality. Macros are a special type of plugin and are written in Python. A macro inserts dynamic HTML data in any context supporting WikiFormatting.
The macro syntax is [[macro-name(optional-arguments)]].
WikiProcessors are another kind of macros. They are typically used for source code highlighting, such as !#python or !#apache and when the source code spans multiple lines, such as:
{{{#!wiki-processor-name ... }}}
Using Macros
Macro calls are enclosed in double-square brackets [[..]]. Like Python functions, macros can have arguments, which is then a comma separated list within parentheses [[..(,)]].
Getting Detailed Help
The list of available macros and the full help can be obtained using the MacroList macro, as seen below.
A brief list can be obtained via [[MacroList(*)]] or [[?]].
Detailed help on a specific macro can be obtained by passing it as an argument to MacroList, e.g. [[MacroList(MacroList)]], or, more conveniently, by appending a question mark (?) to the macro's name, like in [[MacroList?]].
Example
A list of the 3 most recently changed wiki pages starting with 'Trac':
Wiki Markup | Display |
---|---|
[[RecentChanges(Trac,3)]] |
Apr 17, 2021
|
[[RecentChanges?(Trac,3)]] |
|
[[?]] | Embed an image in wiki-formatted text.
The first argument is the file, as in |
Available Macros
Note that the following list will only contain the macro documentation if you've not enabled -OO optimizations, or not set the PythonOptimize option for mod_python.
[[Image]]
Embed an image in wiki-formatted text.
The first argument is the file specification. The file specification may reference attachments in three ways:
- module:id:file, where module can be either wiki or ticket, to refer to the attachment named file of the specified wiki page or ticket.
- id:file: same as above, but id is either a ticket shorthand or a Wiki page name.
- file to refer to a local attachment named 'file'. This only works from within that wiki page or a ticket.
Also, the file specification may refer to repository files, using the source:file syntax (source:file@rev works also).
Files can also be accessed with a direct URLs; /file for a project-relative, //file for a server-relative, or http://server/file for absolute location of the file. The rfc2397 data URL scheme is also supported if the URL is enclosed in quotes.
The remaining arguments are optional and allow configuring the attributes and style of the rendered <img> element:
- digits and unit are interpreted as the size (ex. 120px, 25%) for the image
- right, left, center, top, bottom and middle are interpreted as the alignment for the image (alternatively, the first three can be specified using align=... and the last three using valign=...)
- link=some TracLinks... replaces the link to the image source by the one specified using a TracLinks. If no value is specified, the link is simply removed.
- inline specifies that the content generated be an inline XHTML element. By default, inline content is not generated, therefore images won't be rendered in section headings and other one-line content.
- nolink means without link to image source (deprecated, use link=)
- key=value style are interpreted as HTML attributes or CSS style
indications for the image. Valid keys are:
- align, valign, border, width, height, alt, title, longdesc, class, margin, margin-(left,right,top,bottom), id and usemap
- border, margin, and margin-* can only be a single number (units are pixels).
- margin is superseded by center which uses auto margins
Examples:
[[Image(photo.jpg)]] # simplest [[Image(photo.jpg, 120px)]] # with image width size [[Image(photo.jpg, right)]] # aligned by keyword [[Image(photo.jpg, nolink)]] # without link to source [[Image(photo.jpg, align=right)]] # aligned by attribute
You can use an image from a wiki page, ticket or other module.
[[Image(OtherPage:foo.bmp)]] # from a wiki page [[Image(base/sub:bar.bmp)]] # from hierarchical wiki page [[Image(#3:baz.bmp)]] # from another ticket [[Image(ticket:36:boo.jpg)]] # from another ticket (long form) [[Image(source:/img/bee.jpg)]] # from the repository [[Image(htdocs:foo/bar.png)]] # from project htdocs dir [[Image(shared:foo/bar.png)]] # from shared htdocs dir (since 1.0.2)
Adapted from the Image.py macro created by Shun-ichi Goto <gotoh@…>
[[InterTrac]]
Provide a list of known InterTrac prefixes.
[[InterWiki]]
Provide a description list for the known InterWiki prefixes.
[[KnownMimeTypes]]
List all known mime-types which can be used as WikiProcessors.
Can be given an optional argument which is interpreted as mime-type filter.
[[MacroList]]
Display a list of all installed Wiki macros, including documentation if available.
Optionally, the name of a specific macro can be provided as an argument. In that case, only the documentation for that macro will be rendered.
Note that this macro will not be able to display the documentation of macros if the PythonOptimize option is enabled for mod_python!
[[PageOutline]]
Display a structural outline of the current wiki page, each item in the outline being a link to the corresponding heading.
This macro accepts four optional parameters:
- The first is a number or range that allows configuring the minimum and maximum level of headings that should be included in the outline. For example, specifying "1" here will result in only the top-level headings being included in the outline. Specifying "2-3" will make the outline include all headings of level 2 and 3, as a nested list. The default is to include all heading levels.
- The second parameter can be used to specify a custom title (the default is no title).
- The third parameter selects the style of the outline. This can be either inline or pullout (the latter being the default). The inline style renders the outline as normal part of the content, while pullout causes the outline to be rendered in a box that is by default floated to the right side of the other content.
- The fourth parameter specifies whether the outline is numbered or not. It can be either numbered or unnumbered (the former being the default). This parameter only has an effect in inline style.
[[ProjectStats]]
Wiki macro listing some generic Trac statistics.
This macro accepts a comma-separated list of keyed parameters, in the form "key=value". Valid keys:
- wiki -- statistics for TracWiki, values:
- count -- show wiki page count
- prefix -- use with wiki key: only names that start with that prefix are included
'count' is also recognized without prepended key name.
[[RecentChanges]]
List all pages that have recently been modified, ordered by the time they were last modified.
This macro accepts two ordered arguments and a named argument. The named argument can be placed in any position within the argument list.
The first parameter is a prefix string: if provided, only pages with names that start with the prefix are included in the resulting list. If this parameter is omitted, all pages are included in the list.
The second parameter is the maximum number of pages to include in the list.
The group parameter determines how the list is presented:
- group=date
- The pages are presented in bulleted lists that are grouped by date (default).
- group=none
- The pages are presented in a single bulleted list.
Tip: if you only want to specify a maximum number of entries and don't want to filter by prefix, specify an empty first parameter, e.g. [[RecentChanges(,10,group=none)]].
[[RepositoryIndex]]
Display the list of available repositories.
Can be given the following named arguments:
- format
-
Select the rendering format:
- compact produces a comma-separated list of repository prefix names (default)
- list produces a description list of repository prefix names
- table produces a table view, similar to the one visible in the Browse View page
- glob
- Do a glob-style filtering on the repository names (defaults to '*')
- order
- Order repositories by the given column (one of "name", "date" or "author")
- desc
- When set to 1, order by descending order
(since 0.12)
[[TitleIndex]]
Insert an alphabetic list of all wiki pages into the output.
Accepts a prefix string as parameter: if provided, only pages with names that start with the prefix are included in the resulting list. If this parameter is omitted, all pages are listed. If the prefix is specified, a second argument of value hideprefix can be given as well, in order to remove that prefix from the output.
Alternate format and depth named parameters can be specified:
- format=compact: The pages are displayed as comma-separated links.
- format=group: The list of pages will be structured in groups according to common prefix. This format also supports a min=n argument, where n is the minimal number of pages for a group.
- format=hierarchy: The list of pages will be structured according to the page name path hierarchy. This format also supports a min=n argument, where higher n flatten the display hierarchy
- depth=n: limit the depth of the pages to list. If set to 0, only toplevel pages will be shown, if set to 1, only immediate children pages will be shown, etc. If not set, or set to -1, all pages in the hierarchy will be shown.
- include=page1:page*2: include only pages that match an item in the colon-separated list of pages. If the list is empty, or if no include argument is given, include all pages.
- exclude=page1:page*2: exclude pages that match an item in the colon- separated list of pages.
The include and exclude lists accept shell-style patterns.
[[TracAdminHelp]]
Display help for trac-admin commands.
Examples:
[[TracAdminHelp]] # all commands [[TracAdminHelp(wiki)]] # all wiki commands [[TracAdminHelp(wiki export)]] # the "wiki export" command [[TracAdminHelp(upgrade)]] # the upgrade command
[[TracGuideToc]]
Display a table of content for the Trac guide.
This macro shows a quick and dirty way to make a table-of-contents for the Help/Guide. The table of contents will contain the Trac* and WikiFormatting pages, and can't be customized. See the TocMacro for a more customizable table of contents.
[[TracIni]]
Produce documentation for the Trac configuration file.
Typically, this will be used in the TracIni page. Optional arguments are a configuration section filter, and a configuration option name filter: only the configuration options whose section and name start with the filters are output.
[[TracJSGanttChart]]
Displays a Gantt chart for the specified tickets.
The chart display can be controlled with a number of macro arguments:
Argument | Description | Default |
formats | What to display in the format control. A pipe-separated list of minute, hour, day, week, month, and quarter (though minute may not be very useful). | 'day|week|month|quarter' |
format | Initial display format, one of those listed in formats | First format |
sample | Display sample tasks (1) or not (0) | 0 |
res | Show resource column (1) or not (0) | 1 |
dur | Show duration colunn (1) or not (0) | 1 |
comp | Show percent complete column (1) or not (0) | 1 |
caption | Caption to place to right of tasks: None, Caption, Resource, Duration, %Complete | Resource |
startDate | Show start date column (1) or not (0) | 1 |
endDate | Show end date column (1) or not (0) | 1 |
dateDisplay | Date display format: 'mm/dd/yyyy', 'dd/mm/yyyy', or 'yyyy-mm-dd' | 'mm/dd/yyyy' |
openLevel | Number of levels of tasks to show. 1 = only top level task. | 999 |
colorBy | Field to use to choose task colors. Each unique value of the field will have a different color task. Other likely useful values are owner and milestone but any field can be used. | priority |
root | When using something like Subtickets plugin to maintain a tree of tickets and subtickets, you may create a Gantt showing a ticket and all of its descendants with root=<ticket#>. The macro uses the configured parent field to find all descendant tasks and build an id= argument for Trac's native query handler. Multiple roots may be provided like root=1|12|32. When used in a ticket description or comment, root=self will display the current ticket's descendants. | None |
goal | When using something like MasterTickets? plugin to maintain ticket dependencies, you may create a Gantt showing a ticket and all of its predecessors with goal=<ticket#>. The macro uses the configured succ field to find all predecessor tasks and build an id= argument for Trac's native query handler. Multiple goals may be provided like goal=1|12|32. When used in a ticket description or comment, goal=self will display the current ticket's predecessors. | None |
lwidth | The width, in pixels, of the table of task names, etc. on the left of the Gantt. | |
showdep | Show dependencies (1) or not (0) | 1 |
userMap | Map user !IDs to full names (1) or not (0). | 1 |
omitMilestones | Show milestones for displayed tickets (0) or only those specified by milestone= (1) | 0 |
schedule | Schedule tasks based on dependenies and estimates. Either as soon as possible (asap) or as late as possible (alap) | alap |
doResourceLeveling | Resolve resource conflicts (1) or not (0) when scheduling tickets. | 0 |
display | Filter for limiting display of tickets. owner:fred shows only tickets owned by fred. status:closed shows only closed tickets. | None |
order | Order of fields used to sort tickets before display. order=milestone sorts by milestone. May include ticket fields, including custom fields, or "wbs" (work breakdown structure). | wbs |
Site-wide defaults for macro arguments may be set in the trac-jsgantt section of trac.ini. option.<opt> overrides the built-in default for <opt> from the table above.
All other macro arguments are treated as TracQuery specification (e.g., milestone=ms1|ms2) to control which tickets are displayed.
[[UserQuery]]
Wiki macro listing users that match certain criteria.
This macro accepts a comma-separated list of keyed parameters, in the form "key=value". Valid keys:
- perm -- show only that users, a permission action given by value has been granted to
- locked -- retrieve users, who's account has/has not been locked depending on boolean value
- format -- output style: 'count', 'list' or comma-separated values (default)
- nomatch -- replacement wiki markup that is displayed, if there's no match and output style isn't 'count' either
'count' is also recognized without prepended key name. Other non-keyed parameters are:
- locked -- alias for 'locked=True'
- visit -- show a list of accounts with last-login information, only available in table format
- name -- forces replacement of maching username with their corresponding full names, if available; adds a full names column if combined with 'visit'
- email -- append email address to usernames, if available
Requires USER_VIEW permission for output in any format other then 'count'. A misc placeholder with this statement is presented to unprivileged users.
Macros from around the world
The Trac Hacks site provides a wide collection of macros and other Trac plugins contributed by the Trac community. If you are looking for new macros, or have written one that you would like to share, please visit that site.
Developing Custom Macros
Macros, like Trac itself, are written in the Python programming language and are developed as part of TracPlugins.
For more information about developing macros, see the development resources on the main project site.
Here are 2 simple examples showing how to create a Macro. Also, have a look at Timestamp.py for an example that shows the difference between old style and new style macros and at the macros/README which provides more insight about the transition.
Macro without arguments
To test the following code, save it in a timestamp_sample.py file located in the TracEnvironment's plugins/ directory.
from datetime import datetime # Note: since Trac 0.11, datetime objects are used internally from genshi.builder import tag from trac.util.datefmt import format_datetime, utc from trac.wiki.macros import WikiMacroBase class TimeStampMacro(WikiMacroBase): """Inserts the current time (in seconds) into the wiki page.""" revision = "$Rev$" url = "$URL$" def expand_macro(self, formatter, name, text): t = datetime.now(utc) return tag.strong(format_datetime(t, '%c'))
Macro with arguments
To test the following code, save it in a helloworld_sample.py file located in the TracEnvironment's plugins/ directory.
from genshi.core import Markup from trac.wiki.macros import WikiMacroBase class HelloWorldMacro(WikiMacroBase): """Simple HelloWorld macro. Note that the name of the class is meaningful: - it must end with "Macro" - what comes before "Macro" ends up being the macro name The documentation of the class (i.e. what you're reading) will become the documentation of the macro, as shown by the !MacroList macro (usually used in the WikiMacros page). """ revision = "$Rev$" url = "$URL$" def expand_macro(self, formatter, name, text, args): """Return some output that will be displayed in the Wiki content. `name` is the actual name of the macro (no surprise, here it'll be `'HelloWorld'`), `text` is the text enclosed in parenthesis at the call of the macro. Note that if there are ''no'' parenthesis (like in, e.g. [[HelloWorld]]), then `text` is `None`. `args` are the arguments passed when HelloWorld is called using a `#!HelloWorld` code block. """ return 'Hello World, text = %s, args = %s' % \ (Markup.escape(text), Markup.escape(repr(args)))
Note that expand_macro optionally takes a 4th parameter args. When the macro is called as a WikiProcessor, it is also possible to pass key=value processor parameters. If given, those are stored in a dictionary and passed in this extra args parameter. In the other case, when called as a macro, args is None. (since 0.12).
For example, when writing:
{{{#!HelloWorld style="polite" -silent verbose <Hello World!> }}} {{{#!HelloWorld <Hello World!> }}} [[HelloWorld(<Hello World!>)]]
One should get:
Hello World, text = <Hello World!>, args = {'style': u'polite', 'silent': False, 'verbose': True} Hello World, text = <Hello World!>, args = {} Hello World, text = <Hello World!>, args = None
Note that the return value of expand_macro is not HTML escaped. Depending on the expected result, you should escape it yourself (using return Markup.escape(result)) or, if this is indeed HTML, wrap it in a Markup object (return Markup(result)) with Markup coming from Genshi (from genshi.core import Markup).
You can also recursively use a wiki Formatter (from trac.wiki import Formatter) to process the text as wiki markup:
from genshi.core import Markup from trac.wiki.macros import WikiMacroBase from trac.wiki import Formatter import StringIO class HelloWorldMacro(WikiMacroBase): def expand_macro(self, formatter, name, text, args): text = "whatever '''wiki''' markup you want, even containing other macros" # Convert Wiki markup to HTML, new style out = StringIO.StringIO() Formatter(self.env, formatter.context).format(text, out) return Markup(out.getvalue())